Linux Multi-tool

Here are some examples that I’ve tested on Ubuntu

CRONTAB

Edit existing crontab file, or make new one:

crontab -e

List of cronjobs , display crontab file contents:

crontab -l

Removes the crontab file:

crontab -r

@reboot perl /usr/local/bin/dnsexit/ipUpdate.pl

0 11 * * * rsync -rav --delete /source.dir/ /target.dir

FSTAB

Edit fstab:

nano /etc/fstab

Mount disk: UUID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx /mounting_dir ext4 defaults 0 0

Mount nfs share: ser.ver.ip.address:/server_dir /local_mounting_dir nfs defaults 0 0

Mount samba share: //ser.ver.ip.address/share_name /local_mounting_dir cifs username=user,password=password 0 0

“Reloads” fstab for changes to take effect:

mount -a 

Different partitions types ext4 -> ext2, ext3, reiserfs, xfs, jfs, smbfs, iso9660, vfat, ntfs, swap, auto

share_name NOT dir_name!

LIST DISKS & UUID

Lists all block devices, UUID and partition:

lsblk -f

Lists block devices, UUID and attributes (issues with unpartitioned):

blkid

UPDATE

Full update without questions:

apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y && apt-get dist-upgrade -y

Removes packages that are no longer needed:

apt-get autoremove

SAMBA

Edit samba configuration:

nano /etc/samba/smb.conf    

[share_name]
guest ok = yes
path = local_shared_dir
available = yes
read only = no
browseable = yes
public = yes
writable = yes
create mask = 0777

Restart samba:

systemctl restart smbd    

(stop, start)

NFS

SERVER:

Edit server NFS configuration:

nano /etc/exports

Share example:

/local_shared_dir 192.168.xx.0/24(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)

Export “NFS table” (this is necessary after NFS edit) :

exportfs -a     

Restarts NFS to apply changes:

systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server

CLIENT:

Share mounting examples:

terminal:

mount ser.ver.ip.address:/remote_share_dir /local_share_dir

fstab:

ser.ver.ip.address:/server_dir /local_mounting_dir nfs defaults 0 0

PROCESSES

Dynamic real-time view of processes:

top  

Search processes by name:

pgrep name_of_the_process 

List processes by user:

ps -u username 

Scroll the process list vertically and horizontally:

htop 

(apt-get install htop)

kill -9 name_of_the_process

Kill process by name without allowing process to do cleanup or restart

killall -9 PID

Kill process by PID without allowing process to do cleanup or restart

TAR

Create archive from directory or a single file:

tar -czvf archive.name.tar.gz /target.dir 

Extracts archive:

tar xzvf archive.name.tar.gz

Extracts archive in target directory:

tar xzvf archive.name.tar.gz -C /target.dir 

NETWORK INTERFACES

Lists available:

ifconfig -a 

List available with more info:

ip link show or ip addr or ls /sys/class/net 

TIME ZONE

Current time zone info:

timedatectl

List available time zones:

timedatectl list-timezones

• Europe/Belgrade
• Europe/Berlin
• Europe/Brussels
• Europe/Bucharest
• Europe/Budapest
• Europe/Chisinau
• Europe/Copenhagen
• Europe/Dublin

Set your timezone

timedatectl set-timezone your_time_zone

another way

Unlink localtime file:

unlink /etc/localtime 

Seting local timezone:

ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Belgrade /etc/localtime 

To set the timezone this way you must unlinki localtime file